Carlos B Bustamante

US Patent:

50261592, Jun 25, 1991

Filed:

May 19, 1989

Appl. No.:

7/354137

Inventors:

Fritz S. Allen - Corrales NM
Carlos Bustamante - Albuquerque NM
Thomas M. Niemczyk - Albuquerque NM
Burton P. Dorman - Berkeley CA

Assignee:

Acrogen, Inc. - Oakland CA

International Classification:

G01N 2164

US Classification:

356318

Abstract:

A luminescence measuring system is provided for detecting luminescence at extremely low concentrations of luminescing moieties. The method employs alternating radiation at a plurality of loci of an inhomogenous solution, where the radiant power is maintained constant, and the irradiated volumes of pairs of loci are systematically varied. With the probability being very low that the same luminescence signal will be obtained in the two or more measurements, by comparing the measurements, one can detect a low luminescence signal in the presence of relatively high noise levels. Various techniques are described for modulating the irradiance and detecting changes in signal.

US Patent:

51908573, Mar 2, 1993

Filed:

Jun 5, 1991

Appl. No.:

7/710669

Inventors:

Fritz S. Allen - Corrales NM
Carlos Bustamante - Albuquerque NM
Thomas M. Niemczyk - Albuquerque NM
Burton P. Dorman - Berkeley CA

Assignee:

Acrogen, Inc. - Oakland CA

International Classification:

G01N 2164
G01N 33542

US Classification:

435 721

Abstract:

A luminescence measuring system is provided for detecting luminescence at extremely low concentrations of luminescing moieties. The method employs alternating radiation at a plurality of loci of an inhomogenous solution, where the radiant power is maintained constant, and the irradiated volumes of pairs of loci are systematically varied. With the probability being very low that the same luminescence signal will be obtained in the two or more measurements, by comparing the measurements, one can detect a low luminescence signal in the presence of relatively high noise levels. Various techniques are described for modulating the irradiance and detecting changes in signal.

US Patent:

48818186, Nov 21, 1989

Filed:

Apr 22, 1986

Appl. No.:

6/855006

Inventors:

Carlos Bustamante - Albuquerque NM
Frederick K. Husher - Albuquerque NM
David Beach - Albuquerque NM

Assignee:

The University of New Mexico - Albuquerque NM

International Classification:

G01N 2121

US Classification:

356367

Abstract:

An apparatus for forming a differential image of a specimen is disclosed. The two images whose difference is used to generate the differential image are made by illuminating said specimen with polarized light, each image corresponding to illuminating the specimen with light of a different polarization. The intensity of the differential image at each point is related to the difference in intensities observed when the point in question is illuminated with light having the different polarizations divided by the sum of said observed intensities. The present invention includes a light source for illuminating the image with polarized light having a polarization which oscillates between first and second preselected states of polarization, said oscillations occurring at a predetermined frequency. The intensity of light leaving each of a preselected plurality of points on the specimen is measured as a function of time by a light detecting apparatus which generates an electrical signal which is related to the intensity of light at the preselected point in question. This electrical signal is used as input to a lock-in amplifier referenced to said predetermined frequency.