George F Chapline

US Patent:

20110063758, Mar 17, 2011

Filed:

Oct 26, 2010

Appl. No.:

12/925632

Inventors:

Shan X. Wang - Portola Valley CA, US
George Michael Chapline - Alamo CA, US

International Classification:

G11B 5/33

US Classification:

3603242, G9B 5104

Abstract:

A magnetic tunnel junction having a first electrode separated from a second electrode by a tunneling barrier is provided. The tunneling barrier is a ferromagnetic insulator that provides a spin dependent barrier energy for tunneling. The first electrode includes a ferromagnetic, electrically conductive layer. Electrons emitted from the first electrode toward the tunneling barrier are partially or completely spin-polarized according to the magnetization of the ferromagnetic electrode layer. The electrical resistance of the tunnel junction depends on the relative orientation of the electrode layer magnetization and the tunneling barrier magnetization. Such tunnel junctions are widely applicable to spintronic devices, such as spin valves, magnetic tunnel junctions, spin switches, spin valve transistors, spin filters, and to spintronic applications such as magnetic recording, magnetic random access memory, ultrasensitive magnetic field sensing (including magnetic biosensing), spin injection and spin detection.

US Patent:

45368830, Aug 20, 1985

Filed:

Nov 30, 1982

Appl. No.:

6/445596

Inventors:

George F. Chapline - Alamo CA

Assignee:

The United States of America as represented by the United States
Department of Energy - Washington DC

International Classification:

G03B 4116

US Classification:

378 36

Abstract:

Holographic X-ray images are produced representing the molecular structure of a microscopic object, such as a living cell, by directing a beam of coherent X-rays upon the object to produce scattering of the X-rays by the object, producing interference on a recording medium between the scattered X-rays from the object and unscattered coherent X-rays and thereby producing holograms on the recording surface, and establishing the wavelength of the coherent X-rays to correspond with a molecular resonance of a constituent of such object and thereby greatly improving the contrast, sensitivity and resolution of the holograms as representations of molecular structures involving such constituent. For example, the coherent X-rays may be adjusted to the molecular resonant absorption line of nitrogen at about 401. 3 eV to produce holographic images featuring molecular structures involving nitrogen.

US Patent:

20070064351, Mar 22, 2007

Filed:

Sep 12, 2006

Appl. No.:

11/520489

Inventors:

Shan Wang - Portola Valley CA, US
George Chapline - Alamo CA, US

International Classification:

G11B 5/33

US Classification:

360324200

Abstract:

A magnetic tunnel-junction having a first electrode separated from a second electrode by a tunneling barrier is provided. The tunneling barrier is a ferromagnetic insulator that provides a spin dependent barrier energy for tunneling. The first electrode includes a ferromagnetic, electrically conductive layer. Electrons emitted from the first electrode toward the tunneling barrier are partially or completely spin-polarized according to the magnetization of the ferromagnetic electrode layer. The electrical resistance of the tunnel junction depends on the relative orientation of the electrode layer magnetization and the tunneling barrier magnetization. Such tunnel junctions are widely applicable to spintronic devices, such as spin valves, magnetic tunnel junctions, spin switches, spin valve transistors, spin filters, and to spintronic applications such as magnetic recording, magnetic random access memory, ultrasensitive magnetic field sensing (including magnetic biosensing), spin injection and spin detection.