The present water reclamation system includes a series of concentric thin shells. The shells mount within a housing that can be maintained under vacuum or low pressure. The shells rotate at high velocity. Contaminated liquid from outside the housing is injected into the space between half the shells. The centrifugal force causes the liquid to form a thin film along the inward facing surface of the shell. A compressor lowers the pressure adjacent the thin film causing the liquid to boil. The compressor carries the vapor to the other side of those shells at a slightly higher temperature. There the vapor encounters the wall, which is cooler because its heat was transferred to boil the contaminated liquid. The vapor condenses, and rotation throws the condensate against the adjacent wall where it is collected. When condensing, the heat of condensation transfers to the shell for boiling the incoming contaminated liquid.
The present water reclamation system comprises a series of concentric thin shells. The shells mount within a housing that can be maintained under vacuum or low pressure. The shells rotate at high velocity. Contaminated liquid from outside the housing is injected into the space between half the shells. The centrifugal force causes the liquid to form a thin film along the inward facing surface of the shell. A compressor lowers the pressure adjacent the thin film causing the liquid to boil. The compressor carries the vapor to the other side of those shells at a slightly higher temperature. There the vapor encounters the wall, which is cooler and its heat is transferred to boil the contaminated liquid. The vapor condenses, and rotation throws the condensate against the adjacent wall where it is collected. When condensing, the heat of condensation transfers to the shell for boiling the incoming contaminated liquid.
Sensor For Detecting Microorganisms And Corresponding Process
Steve Bitterly - Agoura Hills CA, US Jack Bitterly - Woodland Hills CA, US Jean Bitterly - , US
International Classification:
G01N 27/00 A61B 5/145 C12M 1/34
US Classification:
435 34, 4352871, 600345
Abstract:
Microbial fuel cells generate an electrical signal when microbes enter the cells through a semipermeable membrane. By reading and analyzing the signal from one or more such fuel cells can indicate infection in people or animals, indicate pathogens growing in food or show mold growth. Insofar as different microbes have specific metabolisms, the signal may be used to determine which microbe is present.
The engine of the present invention includes a cylindrical, elongated boiler housing with a turbine mounted within it, and the turbine and boiler rotate relative to each other. Heat is applied to the outside of the boiler and converts a liquid working fluid in the boiler to vapor. A shroud in the boiler directs the vapor to the turbine to cause the turbine to rotate in one direction. Because the boiler can rotate, the boiler and shroud rotate about the shaft in a direction opposite the rotation of the turbine. Centrifugal force holds the liquid working fluid against the boiler walls. After passing through the turbine, the working fluid is condensed and it is injected through a hole into the boiler by centrifugal force. The novel condenser which rotates with the boiler housing relies on the centrifugal force developed by rotation. Solar energy, the preferred heat source, is concentrated to a hot line on the boiler.
The structural member of the present invention includes a pressure tube either having a cable tensioned between its ends or being mounted within an outer member. The pressure tube is mounted such that it can move axially with respect to the cable or the outer tube. When the tube is pressurized, some of the force is absorbed in hoop stress in the tube, and some of the force is directed to the ends of the pressure tube and to the cable or the outer member either through a piston arrangement or otherwise. When compressive loads are placed on the system, it can support force up to the preload without exhibiting Euler buckling. The system is useful for long, thin columns and for long beams where ridgidity is important. The pressure tube is not subject to compressive loading because its ends are free to move axially without compressing the tube. The pressure tube may be wrapped in high tensile strength unidirectional fiber material to withstand higher hoop strees.
The flexible cooling fabric has an injector that is flat so that it can be maintained unobtrusively within the cooling fabric. The injector has a flat electromagnetic coil which surrounds an injection chamber. The chamber receives pressurized fluid, but a spring-biased plunger closes the outlet openings to the chamber. The fluid of the electromagnetic coil tends to center the plunger within the chamber to uncover the outlet openings, and the fluid flows toward a membrane which is against the skin or other object to be cooled. The refrigerant gas boils due to the heat flux from the skin, and this results in rapid and efficient cooling. The present invention also includes a system for recycling spent refrigerant gas. The gas is collected in a volume absorber, and only when the volume inside of the absorber reaches a predetermined maximum does the compressor operate to relieve the pressure in the volume absorber by compressing the spent gas and injecting it back into the storage tank. The compressor operates efficiently because it only runs intermittently when the pressure in the volume absorber is above predetermined limits, but the tank continues to supply refrigerant to the injector when the compressor is not operating.
Jack G. Bitterly - Woodland Hills CA Steven E. Bitterly - Agoura CA
Assignee:
U.S. Flywheel Systems - Newbury Park CA
International Classification:
H02K 702 H02K 112
US Classification:
310 74
Abstract:
A compact energy storage system includes a high speed rotating flywheel and an integral motor/generator unit. The rotating components are contained within a vacuum enclosure to minimize windage losses. The flywheel rotor has a unique axial profile to both maximize the energy density of the flywheel and to maximize the volumetric efficiency of the entire system. The rotor is configured with hollowed-out regions at each axial end to accommodate magnetic bearing assemblies. The integral motor/generator is disposed on a tail shaft of the flywheel rotor, outboard of the magnetic bearing assembly. The motor/generator stator is mounted on a translation carriage for axial movement. During normal operation, the stator is in operative alignment with a rotor on the flywheel shaft. However, when neither motor nor generator operation is required, the stator is extended to an axial position where it is effectively decoupled from the rotor. A magnetic shield surrounding the rotor confines the lines of magnetic flux to minimize eddy currents, and thereby minimize parasitic energy losses that would otherwise slow the flywheel during idle periods.
The vacuum chamber includes an airtight generally cylindrical wall and a pair of end members. Vacuum pumps in the chamber evacuate the chamber. The chamber is rotated along the longitudinal axis whereby the centrifugal force of the rotating cylindrical wall acts against the force resulting from the pressure differential between the inside of the evaluated chamber and ambient pressure on the outside of the cylindrical wall to prevent the cylindrical wall from collapsing. An inner member is mounted in the chamber, but the chamber rotates with respect to the inner member. In a low temperature embodiment for freeze drying refrigerated air cools the outside of the chamber to reduce the temperature within the chamber. The consensables condense on the inside of the cold cylindrical wall. A lathe adjacent the inside of the cylindrical wall and lathe drive means for moving the lathe along the length of the cylindrical wall as the wall passes thereover upon rotation of the chamber for removing excess ice from the inside of the cylindrical wall.
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