William W. Carson - Hopkinton MA, US Keith J. Sims - Wayland MA, US Oleg Grebenyuk - Woburn MA, US Thomas J. Susa - Ludlow MA, US Hilda R. Zanapalidou - Winchester MA, US Wayne A. McRae - Mannedorf, CH Russell J. MacDonald - Wilmington MA, US
Assignee:
Ionics, Incorporated - Watertown MA
International Classification:
B01D 61/42
US Classification:
204523, 204525, 204539, 204630, 204634
Abstract:
An improved apparatus and operating method related thereto for deionizing water to produce substantially pure water using electric field and ion exchange materials are disclosed, including embodiments incorporating one or more of the novel features of brine and electrode streams flowing in a direction counter-current to the stream being deionized, a filling of the brine stream with stratified ion exchange materials, a stream mixing feature for mixing the stream being deionized, a gas removal feature for removal of gases, a spiral-wound embodiment of an electrodialysis device according to the invention, and a method for determining the preferred operating current for electrodialysis systems according to this invention.
Process And Device For Continuous Tonic Monitoring Of Aqueous Solutions
William Carson - Hipkinton MA, US Oleg Grebenyuk - Woburn MA, US Thomas Susa - Ludlow MA, US
International Classification:
G01N027/26
US Classification:
422/082020, 422/082010
Abstract:
An electrolytic process and apparatus are disclosed for continuously producing the cation conductivity, anion conductivity, and temperature data required for continuous monitoring of the pH of high-purity aqueous solution flows. The cation exchange material and the anion exchange material used for conditioning water samples for conductivity measurements are continuously regenerated by applying a DC electric voltage between an anode and a cathode either across the cation exchange material, whereby hydrogen ions generated at the anode move through the cation exchange material displacing cations previously absorbed and these displaced cations under the influence of the electric field migrate to the cathode, or across the anion exchange material, whereby hydroxyl ions generated at the cathode regenerate the anion exchange material. The temperature-corrected cation conductivity and the temperature-corrected anion conductivity are then used together with measurement of the specific conductivity of the sample to calculate the pH of the sample.
Process For Preparing Microporous Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membranes
A process for preparing assymetric polyvinylidene fluoride microporous membranes using novel pore forming agents of an ammonium salt which is a non-solvent for the polymeric casting solution; such agents for example being ammonium hydroxide, ammonium chloride and the like.
Process For Preparing Microporous Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membranes
A process for preparing assymetric polyvinylidene fluoride microporous membranes using novel pore forming agents of an ammonium salt which is a non-solvent for the polymeric casting solution; such agents for example being ammonium hydroxide, ammonium chloride and the like.
Thomas J. Susa - West Roxbury MA Tam V. Tran - Andover MA
Assignee:
Odex, Inc. - Andover MA
International Classification:
F02B 4700 F02B 4100
US Classification:
123 25C
Abstract:
A system for simultaneously increasing combustion efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions. Oxygen enriched air (i. e. , air from which a portion of the nitrogen has been removed so that the oxygen concentration is higher than in normal air) and water droplets of predetermined size are both present in the cylinder of a four cycle internal combustion engine during the power/combustion stroke. Oxygen enriched air may be mixed with normal air drawn into the combustion chamber during the intake stroke. Also, and alternatively, the droplets may be water or H. sub. 2 O. sub. 2 bubbles filled with normal or oxygen-enriched air.