Abstract:
A device to generate and direct electric heat for use over risers, drains, pathways and pour cups during solidification in which less than 2% plasma is utilized, comprising an outer shell having one open heat delivery end at least one lip located at the open end one closed end at least one electric heating element affixed within the closed end and refractory material surrounding the electric heating element A method, employing said device to improve the properties of cast alloys which comprises the heating and blanketing of a molten cast surface with an atmosphere of less than 2% plasma during solidification, said atmosphere of less than 2% plasma thereby controlling temperature during the solidification and shielding the molten cast surface from the affects of oxidation.